Process for bleaching chemically tanned skin and discolored nails

ABSTRACT

In a process for bleaching chemically tanned skin and discolored nails, a bleaching composition is applied to the skin or nails to be bleached or lightened. The applied composition may be left undisturbed or may be rubbed into the skin continuously. The treatment period is about 30 seconds to 10 minutes in the case of skin, and about 5 minutes to 30 minutes in the case of nails. Thereafter the applied composition is removed from the skin or nails by a combination of towel wiping and water rinsing. The bleaching composition may include a bleaching agent comprising hydrogen peroxide and may include an activator comprising ammonium bicarbonate. The bleaching composition may also include an exfoliant comprising fine abrasive particles such as ground walnut shells, pumice or sand.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a process for bleachingchemically tanned skin and nails, and more particularly to a process forgradually lessening unwanted coloration of the skin resulting from theapplication of chemical tanning agents, and also the bleaching of nailsdiscolored by fungal growth or other nail disorders.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The deleterious effects of over-exposure to sunlight are well known.Many dermatologists now advise their patients to minimize exposure tothe sun. Nonetheless, many individuals are willing to risk these adverseeffects to obtain a suntan. The use of artificial lighting systems whichemulate sunlight to effect tanning can lead to similar adverse sideeffects.

Increased awareness of the harmful effects of tanning by means ofradiation, along with a continued desire by many to be tanned, has ledto an increased interest in tanning by means of chemical agents. Thechemicals which are currently used in chemically or cosmetically tanninghuman skin include:

A. Agents which react with skin to form a color complex, such asdihydroxyacetone;

B. Bronzing agents such as juglone and lawsome; and

C. Dyes, such as food colorants.

It is also known to use combinations of the foregoing tanning agents toachieve a desired tanning effect.

Until very recently, the only methods available to apply chemicaltanning agents have been manual in nature. For example, manycommercially available chemical tanning compositions are provided in theform of creams, lotions, and sprays. All known manual techniques forapplying chemical tanning agents are unsatisfactory to a greater orlesser degree because they result in streaking and blotching of the skindue to the application of uneven quantities of chemical tanning agentsto localized areas of the skin, oil do to areas of skin tanning todifferent degrees even though they were exposed to similar quantities oftanning agents. Undesired streaking or blotching is usually observedwhen chemical tanning agents are manually applied no matter how carefulthe manual application may be.

The co-pending application of Thomas J. Laughlin discloses a system forautomatically coating the human body which is capable of applyingchemical tanning agents to human skin much more uniformly than ispossible utilizing manual application techniques. Notwithstanding thehighly improved results from the use of the Laughlin system, uneventanning results can still occur. For example, the skin may be exposed toperspiration, rain, water spray, etc., following the application oftanning agents. Mechanical contact with the skin prior to the completionof the tanning process can also lead to uneven tanning results.

Regardless of the cause, even a minor amount of unevenness in colorationresulting from the application of a chemical tanning agent is consideredunsatisfactory. Therefore, a need exists for a process for bleachingchemically tanned skin which can be easily and conveniently used tolighten streaks, blotches and other excessively dark areas resultingfrom this tanning process. Preferably, the bleaching results obtained bythe use of the process are gradual in nature so that the previouslyexcessively dark areas are easily blended with the coloration ofsurrounding areas, or to the desired color intensity.

The aforementioned tanning chemicals can also color nails. The resultingcoloration, which is typically brown, is usually considered cosmeticallyundesirable. Nails can also be discolored by fungal growth or other naildisorders. The resulting color is usually brown, and in some casesblack. There is a need for a bleaching process to return the discolorednails back to their natural color.

The present invention comprises a process for bleaching chemicallytanned skin which fulfills the foregoing and other requirements whichare entirely lacking in the prior art. In accordance with the broaderaspect of the invention, a bleaching agent applied to selected areas ofthe skin for between about 30 seconds and about ten minutes and isthereafter removed. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of theinvention, each application of the bleaching agent results in areduction of the coloration of the area of the skin to which it isapplied by about one or more shades. This allows excessive coloration ofcertain areas of the skin to be gradually reduced until the color ofsuch areas is matched to and blends with the color of surrounding areas,or to the desired color intensity. The bleaching process can be enhancedin the case of thickened or callous skin by the use of an exfoliatingagent in combination with the bleach, along with continuous rubbingduring the treatment period. This invention can also be used to bleachnails discolored by chemical tanning agents, by fungal growth, or byother nail disorders. The application time in the case of nails is fromabout 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, with multiple applicationssometimes required. With the proper application, the discolored nail canbe bleached back to its natural color.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the broader aspects of the invention, chemicallytanned skin and discolored nails are bleached or lightened utilizing ableaching composition that is applied directly onto the skin or nails.The bleaching composition may also include an activator, which mayinclude ammonium bicarbonate.

In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, the bleachingcomposition is mixed with an exfoliant prior to application to the skinor nails. The exfoliant preferably includes fine abrasive particleswhich enhance the bleaching or lightening process when applied andrubbed over the skin or nails during the treatment process. The fineabrasive particles may comprise ground walnut shells. Alternately, thefine abrasive particles may comprise pumice or sand.

In the practice of the processes comprising the first and secondembodiments of the invention, the bleaching composition, including theexfoliant in the case of the second embodiment of the invention, isapplied generously over the portion of the skin or nail to be bleachedor lightened. The applied materials may be left undisturbed or may becontinuously rubbed for the entire application time, with continuousrubbing preferred in the embodiment including the exfoliant. Thepreferred application time in the case of application to skin is about30 seconds to about 10 minutes, and the preferred application time inthe case of nails is from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, withmultiple applications sometimes required. Bleaching or lightening ofchemically tanned skin or discolored nails occurs during the treatmentperiod, and is apparent after the bleaching agent is removed. Thebleaching agent can be removed by mechanical means, such as rubbing witha towel, or by rinsing with water. The net result of the use of thepresent invention is the lightening of chemically tanned skin ordiscolored nails by one or more shades.

The formulations set forth in the following Examples have been found tobe effective in bleaching or lightening chemically tanned skin anddiscolored nails:

Example

    ______________________________________                                        Hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2)                                                               3%                                                        Water              97%                                                        ______________________________________                                    

The above-described composition is a USP product, for example, HydrogenPeroxide (U.S.P. 3%) available from Albertson's, Boise, Id. and wasprepared for use as described in the product instructions.

The above-mentioned composition was applied sparingly to an area ofstomach skin that had previously been tanned by the application of achemical tanning agent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed forabout 2 minutes. At the end of the treatment period, the composition wasremoved with a wet paper towel. The net result of the process was thelightening of the area of skin to which the composition was applied byabout one shade.

Example 2

Cream base: Water

Stearyl alcohol

Hydrogen peroxide

Mineral oil

Laneth-16

Ceteth-16

Oleth-16

Aloe extract

Lanolin alcohol

Steareth-16

Phenacetin

Phosphoric acid

Activator: Ammonium bicarbonate

Silica

The above-described composition is marketed as Sally Hansen Creme Bleachand Sally Hansen Creme Hair Bleach for Face by Del Laboratories, Inc.,Farmingdale, N.Y. and was prepared for use as described in the productinstructions.

The above-mentioned composition was applied generously to an area ofstomach skin that had previously been tanned by the application of achemical tanning agent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed forabout 2 minutes. At the end of the treatment period, the composition wasremoved with a wet paper towel. The net result of the process was thelightening of the area of skin to which the composition was applied byabout one shade.

The above-mentioned composition was applied generously to areas on thefeet that had previously been tanned by the application of a chemicaltanning agent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed for timesvarying from 30 seconds to 30 minutes. The applied materials wereremoved by rubbing with dry paper towels followed by an extensive waterrinse. The net result of the process was the lightening of the area ofthe foot skin to which the composition was applied by about one or moreshades, with the degree of lightening proportional to the length of thetreatment period.

The above-mentioned composition was applied generously to the toenail ofa large toe. The toenail had been previously exposed to chemical tanningagent, and was discolored to a light brown color. The composition wasleft undisturbed for 30 minutes. The applied composition was removedwith a dry paper towel then rinsed with water. The net result of theprocess was the lightening to the toenail back to its original color.

Example 3

Cream base: Water

Hydrogen peroxide

Cetyl alcohol

Stearyl alcohol

Peg 20 stearate

Phenacetin

Stearic acid

Mineral oil

Methylparaben

Propylparaben

Activator: Water

Cetyl alcohol

Petrolatum

Emulsifying wax

Ammonium hydroxide

Mineral oil

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Methylparaben

Propylparaben

The above-captioned composition is marketed as Invisi-Bleach BleachingCream by Ardell Int'l, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. and was prepared foruse as described in the product instructions.

The above-described composition was applied generously to areas of skinthat had previously been tanned by the application of a chemical tanningagent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed on the skin fortreatment periods between about 30 seconds and about five minutes. Atthe end of the treatment period, the composition was removed by rinsingwith water. The net result of the process was the lightening of the areaof the skin to which the composition was applied by about one or moreshades.

Example 4

Cream Bleach: Water

Cetyl alcohol

Glyceryl sterate

Hydrogen peroxide

Mineral oil

Petrolatum

Propylene glycol

PEG-100 sterate

Pentaerythrityl

Tetracaprylate/caprate

Dimethicone

Fragrance

Tocopheryl Acetate

Phosphoric Acid

Accelerator Powder: Ammonium bicarbonate

The above-described composition is marketed as Nair Cream Bleach byCarter Products, a division of Carter-Wallace, Inc., New York, N.Y. andwas prepared for use as described in the product instructions.

The above-described composition was applied sparingly to an area ofstomach skin that had been tanned two or more shades darker by theapplication of a chemical tanning agent thereto. The composition wasleft undisturbed on the skin for 3.5 minutes, then removed by extensivewater rinsing. The net result of the process was the lightening of thearea of skin back to its original color.

Example 5

Cream: Water

Hydrogen peroxide

Glyceryl stearate

Isopropyl myristate

Steraryl sterate

Propylene glycol

Stearic acid

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine

Phosphoric acid

Accelerator: Ammonium Bicarbonate

The above-described composition is marketed as Jolen Creme Bleach byJolen, Inc., Fairfield, Conn. and was prepared for use as described inthe product instructions.

The above-described composition was applied generously to areas of skinthat had previously been tanned by the application of a chemical tanningagent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed on the skin fortreatment periods between about 30 seconds and about five minutes. Atthe end of the treatment period, the composition was removed by rinsingwith water. The net result of the process was the lightening of the areaof the skin to which the composition was applied by about one or moreshades.

Example 6

Bleaching Cream: Water

Hydrogen peroxide

Cetearyl alcohol

Ceteareth-20

Mineral oil

Stearic acid

Activating Cream: Water

Ammonium hydroxide

Cetyl alcohol

Sodium laurel sulfate

Mineral oil

Petrolatum

D&C Red #33

FD&C Red #4

The above-described composition is marketed as Nudit by MedtechLaboratories, Inc., Jackson, Wyo. and was prepared for use as describedin the product instructions.

The above-described composition was applied generously to areas of skinthat had previously been tanned by the application of a chemical tanningagent thereto. The composition was left undisturbed on the skin fortreatment periods between about 30 seconds and about five minutes. Atthe end of the treatment period, the composition was removed by rinsingwith water. The net result of the process was the lightening of the areaof the skin to which the composition was applied by about one or moreshades.

The above-described composition was also applied generously to areas ofskin that had previously been tanned by the application of a chemicaltanning agent thereto, but the applied material was rubbed continuouslyon the skin for treatment periods between about 30 seconds and aboutfive minutes. At the end of the treatment period, the composition wasremoved by rinsing with water. The net result of the process was thelightening of the area of the skin to which the composition was appliedby about one or more shades.

The above-described composition was applied generously to all 10fingernails of a test subject. The fingernails had previously beendiscolored by the application of a chemical tanning agent thereto, Thecomposition was left undisturbed on the nails for treatment periodsbetween about 5 minutes to 10 minutes. At the end of the treatmentperiod, the composition was removed by rubbing with a paper towelfollowed by rinsing with water. The net result of the process was thelightening of the fingernails to which the composition was applied byabout one or more shades, returning them to their natural color.

The above-described composition was applied generously to all toenailsof two subjects. The toenail had previously been discolored by theapplication of a chemical tanning agent thereto. The composition wasleft undisturbed on the toenails for treatment periods between about 20minutes to 30 minutes. Multiple applications were required for thetoenail on the big toe. At the end of the treatment period, thecomposition was removed by rubbing with a paper towel followed byrinsing with water. The net result of the process was the lightening ofthe toenails to which the composition was applied by about one or moreshades. With use of multiple applications, it was possible to return thetoenail to its natural color.

In some cases, the ability of the compositions described in theforegoing Examples to bleach the skin was enhanced by the use of skinexfoliating products. In particular, formulations containing fineabrasive particles were found to enhance the bleaching process of thickor callous skin when rubbed continuously over the treatment period. Theformulations found effective when used in combination with theabovementioned compositions include:

Example 7

Deionized water

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate

Ground walnut shell

Ammonium lauryl sulfate

Cocamide DEA

Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate

DEA-styrene

Acrylates

Divinyl benzene copolymer

Ammonium nonoxynol-4 sulfate

Magnesium aluminum silicate

Sodium Chloride

PEG-6000 distearate

Cocoamidopropyl bentaine

DMDM hydantoin

Fragrance Apricot

Citric acid

Methylparaben

Propylparaben

Cetyl alcohol

Glyceryl stearate

Glycol sterate

Trisodium EDTA

Allantoin

dl-Pantherol

Sorbitol

Vitamin E Acetate

Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A)

Vegetable color carotene

The above-described composition is marketed as Nature Bath Walnut ShellBody Scrub by Nature Cosmetics, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.

The above-identified composition was mixed with the compositionidentified above in Example 6. The mixing ratio was about six parts ofmaterial described in Example 6 and about four parts of the materialdescribed above in this example.

The above-described composition was applied generously to the entirearea of skin of the two hands of a test subject, including callous skin,on several different occasions. In each case, the skin of the hands hadbeen previously tanned by the application of a chemical tanning agentthereto. The composition was continuously rubbed into the skin fortreatment periods of between 2 and 10 minutes. At the end of thetreatment period, the applied materials were removed by wiping with atowel followed by water rinses. The net result of the process was thelightening of the hand skin by one or more shades, including the callousskin.

Example 8

Water

Pumice

Propylene glycol

Sodium laureth sulfate

Cocamidopropyl betaine

Polysorbate 80

Cetyl Acetate

Acetylated lanolin alcohol

Lauryl polyglucose

Magnesium aluminum silicate

Xanthan gum

Cocamide DEA

Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate

Fragrance

DMDM hydantoin

Citric acid

Tetrasodium EDTA

FD&C Yellow #05

FD&C Green #03

The above-described composition is marketed as Lava Liquid Hand Soap byBlock Drug Company, Inc., Jersey City, N.J.

The above-identified composition was mixed with the compositionidentified above in Example 6. The mixing ratio was about equal parts ofthe two compositions.

The above-described composition was applied generously to the entirearea of skin of the two hands of a test subject, including callous skin,on several different occasions. In each case, the skin of the hands hadbeen previously tanned by the application of a chemical tanning agentthereto, The composition was continuously rubbed into the skin fortreatment periods of between 2 and 10 minutes. At the end of thetreatment period, the applied materials were removed by wiping with atowel followed by water rinses. The net result of the process was thelightening of the hand skin by one or more shades, including the callousskin.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate the fact that the compositionsidentified in the foregoing Examples are commercially availableproducts. However, the use to which these products are put as describedabove is entirely new and novel. This is particularly true in the caseof the compositions identified above for the bleaching of nails.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described inthe foregoing detailed description, it will be understood that theinvention is not limited to the embodiments described, but it is capableof numerous rearrangements and modifications of parts and elementswithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for bleaching chemically tanned skinincluding the steps of:providing a bleaching composition designed forapplication to human skin and comprising about 3 percent hydrogenperoxide and about 97 percent water; applying the bleaching compositionto a predetermined area of skin previously colored by the application ofa chemical tanning agent thereto; allowing for a treatment period ofabout 30 seconds to about 10 minutes; thereafter removing the bleachingcomposition from the skin by a combination of towel rubbing and waterrinsing.
 2. A process for bleaching chemically tanned skin including thesteps of:providing a chemical tan removal composition including ableaching composition designed for application to human skin and anexfoliating agent selected from the group including finely ground walnutshells, pumice, and sand; applying the chemical tan removal compositionto a predetermined area of skin previously colored by the application ofa chemical tanning agent thereto; continuously rubbing the chemical tanremoval composition into the chemically tanned skin for a time period ofabout30seconds and about 10 minutes; thereafter removing the chemicaltan removal composition from the skin by a combination of towel rubbingand water rinsing.
 3. A process for bleaching discolored nails includingthe steps of:providing a bleaching composition designed for applicationto fingernails and toenails and comprising about 3% hydrogen peroxideand about 97% water; applying the bleaching composition to nailspreviously colored by the application of a chemical tanning agentthereto; leaving the bleaching composition in contact with the nails fora treatment period of about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes; thereafterremoving the bleaching composition from the nails by a combination oftowel rubbing and water rinsing.